Differential effects of cow dung and its biochar on Populus euphratica soil phosphorus effectiveness, bacterial community diversity and functional genes for phosphorus conversion

Introduction Continuous monoculture leading to soil nutrient depletion may cause a decline in plantation productivity. Cow dung is typically used as cheap renewable resource improve status. In this study, our purpose was compare the effects of different cow return methods (direct and carbonization return) on microbial communities phosphorus availability root zone (rhizosphere non-rhizosphere soil) P.euphratica seedlings forest gardens explore possible chemical mechanisms. Methods Field experiments were conducted. Two-year-old planted together with 7.5 t hm -2 biochar made from same amount dung. Results Our findings indicated that available content subjected treatment considerably greater than directly treated dung, an increase level both aboveground underground components seedlings. The Olsen-P rhizosphere increased by 134% 110%, respectively.This primarily result direct indirect impact characteristics. Biochar biodiversity bacteria compared Shannon diversity index carbonized manure returning field 1.11 times 1.10 control, Chao1 1.20 1.15 control.Compared addition copy number functional genes phoC pqqc soil. treatment, abundance phosphate-solubilizing Sphingomonas Lactobacillus significantly higher other treatments, it relative 4.83% 2.62%, respectively, which indirectly improved availability. Discussion results exert soils via pathways. These that, more significant soils, well growth community.